Key Terms
- Job Order Costing: Costing system that accumulates costs for each individual job
- Process Costing: Costing system used for identical products produced in large quantities
- Direct Materials: Raw materials that become part of the product and can be traced to jobs
- Direct Labor: Labor cost of employees who work directly on products
- Manufacturing Overhead: All manufacturing costs that cannot be easily traced to jobs
- Job Cost Sheet: Document that accumulates all costs for a specific job
- Work in Process: Inventory account for partially completed jobs
- Finished Goods: Inventory account for completed jobs not yet sold
- Raw Materials Inventory: Inventory account for materials not yet used
- Predetermined Overhead Rate: Estimated overhead rate used to apply overhead to jobs
- Applied Overhead: Overhead allocated to jobs using predetermined rate
- Actual Overhead: Real overhead costs incurred during the period
- Underapplied Overhead: When actual overhead exceeds applied overhead
- Overapplied Overhead: When applied overhead exceeds actual overhead
- Activity Base: Measure used to allocate overhead (labor hours, labor cost, machine hours)
- Cost of Goods Sold: Cost of jobs/products sold to customers
- Job: Specific order, project, or batch of products