28.1 Corporate Income Tax Rates and Structure
Understanding Corporate Income Tax​
Corporate Income Tax (CIT)—Impôt sur le Revenu des Collectivités (IRC) in Luxembourg—is a tax levied on the taxable profits of companies. It's one of two main components of Luxembourg's corporate tax system, along with municipal business tax.
Corporate Income Tax Rate​
Standard Rate: 17%​
Luxembourg's standard corporate income tax rate is 17% on taxable profits.
Calculation:
- Taxable profit: €100,000
- Corporate income tax (17%): €17,000
Combined Tax Rate​
Luxembourg's total corporate tax burden consists of:
- Corporate Income Tax (IRC): 17%
- Municipal Business Tax (ICC): Varies by municipality (typically 6.75% - 7.5%)
- Contribution to Employment Fund: 7% of IRC (1.19% effective rate)
Effective Combined Rate​
The effective combined tax rate depends on the municipality:
Example (Luxembourg City - 6.75% ICC):
- Corporate Income Tax: 17%
- Municipal Business Tax: 6.75%
- Employment Fund Contribution: 1.19% (7% of 17%)
- Effective Combined Rate: Approximately 24.94%
Example (Other Municipality - 7.5% ICC):
- Corporate Income Tax: 17%
- Municipal Business Tax: 7.5%
- Employment Fund Contribution: 1.19%
- Effective Combined Rate: Approximately 25.69%
Tax Base: Taxable Profit​
Corporate income tax is calculated on taxable profit, which is:
Taxable Profit = Accounting Profit ± Tax Adjustments
Tax Adjustments​
Common adjustments include:
- Non-deductible expenses: Expenses not allowed for tax purposes
- Tax-exempt income: Income not subject to tax
- Depreciation differences: Differences between accounting and tax depreciation
- Provisions: Tax treatment of provisions
- Reserves: Tax treatment of reserves
Tax Calculation Process​
Step 1: Determine Accounting Profit​
- Start with profit before tax from financial statements
- Based on PCN-compliant accounting records
Step 2: Identify Tax Adjustments​
- Add back non-deductible expenses
- Subtract tax-exempt income
- Adjust for depreciation differences
- Adjust for provisions and reserves
Step 3: Calculate Taxable Profit​
- Taxable Profit = Accounting Profit + Tax Adjustments
Step 4: Apply Tax Rates​
- Corporate Income Tax: 17% of taxable profit
- Municipal Business Tax: Municipality rate Ă— taxable profit
- Employment Fund: 7% of corporate income tax
Step 5: Calculate Total Tax​
- Total Tax = Corporate Income Tax + Municipal Business Tax + Employment Fund Contribution
Tax Rate Variations​
Reduced Rates​
Some income may qualify for reduced rates:
- Qualifying participations: 0% on qualifying dividends
- IP Box regime: 5% on qualifying IP income (with conditions)
- Investment tax credits: Reduce effective rate
Surcharges​
Additional surcharges may apply:
- Crisis surcharge: Temporary surcharges (if applicable)
- Special contributions: Additional contributions (if applicable)
Luxembourg Compliance Note​
Important Considerations:
- Municipality matters: Tax rates vary by location
- Combined rate: Consider all components when planning
- Tax planning: Legal tax planning can reduce effective rates
- Compliance: Accurate calculation and filing required
- Professional advice: Consult tax advisor for complex situations
Common Issues:
- Incorrect municipality rate: Using wrong municipal tax rate
- Missing adjustments: Not identifying all tax adjustments
- Calculation errors: Mathematical errors in tax calculation
- Timing issues: Incorrect recognition of income and expenses
Think It Through​
TechLux Solutions has €200,000 taxable profit and is located in Luxembourg City. How much corporate tax will they pay? What is their effective tax rate?
Concepts in Practice​
Corporate Tax Calculation
TechLux Solutions tax calculation:
Taxable Profit: €200,000
Tax Calculation:
- Corporate Income Tax (17%): €34,000
- Municipal Business Tax (6.75%): €13,500
- Employment Fund (7% of €34,000): €2,380
- Total Tax: €49,880
Effective Tax Rate: €49,880 ÷ €200,000 = 24.94%
After-Tax Profit: €200,000 - €49,880 = €150,120